10/31/2010

Visual Literacy, is seeing beliveing?.

One of the things that  got me thinking in the lecture this week is how much of an impact does Visual  Literacy actually have in our life's. Are we all unaware of the way our minds are being subjected to a particular image, where the visual literacey leads us to subconsciously believe in a lie, a false representation of life or that product?

One of the examples shown in the lecture was a picture of a typical white American cowboy and a red skinned native American Indian . The debate was that on most occurrences, cowboys whether it in books, T.V shows etc , would have a distinctive piece of clothing /something that 'visualy' impacted them as the 'good guy' ,this was normally the 'white hat ' which is said to be a very popular recurring visual images. This suggested good! 'the good guy' so to speak was the American Cowboy, but why?.

Thinking about this has made me wonder how is it we've become so sugective to media thats been put out their, how we take and belive that the white cowboy is 'good' and the Indian 'bad' whithout knowing anything on the subject?. Are we simply listing to what others say before we have even looked into the subject matter at hand our self and gained our own understanding and oppinion, or is it true that visual imagery really does have this big hold on us in a way in some cases we cant control. In times when we are subjected to some kind of image are we unwaveringly being manipulated to what the protrayer has put across,  are we being strung along like puppets, or are we indeed brought up with our own  free will to chose and believe in what we want.



Part 2


OK so I've had some time to think about Visual Literacy and how much it impacts us in day today lives.

I looked up Visual literacy on the Internet and this was one of the quotes i had found on Wikipedia.
"Visual literacy is the ability to interpret, negotiate, and make meaning from information presented in the form of an image. Visual literacy is based on the idea that pictures can be “read” and that meaning can be communicated through a process of reading."

So below, a Cowboy and Indian Image, where Visual Literacy is communicating idea certain message to the viewer reading not words but into the picture.

When i look at this image its clear theirs a sense of good guy bad guy wanting to be prorated, my immediate reaction is to believe that the cowboy is the good, the man in the right.  I started to look closer at the image investigating why this was, the cowboy is like the main character as he is in the very front of the image, his eyes are locked with the viewer with a welcoming, expression, whereas behind him the Indian clearly is being portrayed as the more sinister character, looking at his series stare, he is threatening showing anger savagery looking .like he is about to attack the cowboy,and then they cowboy has to defend and defeat the Indian in order to protect his people etc even though it is the cowboy bearing a weapon.
Its quite surprising the impact in the way images are construed to give you a certain kind of perception even if you don't agree. I think quite the opposite thinking Indians are purely tyring to protect their land in which the American Cowboy invaded and try to take from them. The are seen as uncivilised and often reefed to as savages, when really they are living in piece using the worlds own natural resources in able to live a free honest life using materials that nature gave. Are they really as uncivilised as we say.

This quote was used talking about children's role play, playing the popular game of Cowboys and Indians.

"Cowboys & Indians: remains popular around the world, even though the films, television series, and books that might have been thought to give rise to it have largely fallen from prominence. This gives an insight into the child's perception of good and evil."

Suggesting again that films and televisions the images seen and portrayed have such an impact that the children believe that their is one good and one evil. Where instead of children being educated, the media are telling them how to react and what to believe in.

10/25/2010

The Law of The Few. Bibliography

The Law of The Few

p30


Fisher. D.H 1994. Paul Revere's Ride, Oxford University Press New York.


When stable boy tells silversmith Paul Revere what he overheard British officer saying. “Hell to pay tomorrow” Revere and Joseph Warren are convinced British were on their way to Concord, to seize ammunition. They were convinced by several rumors that got traveled around that day.


p34
Milgram. S 1967. 'The Small World Problem' Psychology Today,vol.1,pp.60-67.

Problem: How are human beings connected?. Chain letter test. Milgram got the names of 160 people living in Omaha , mailed each of them a parcel which included the name and address of a stockbroker who worked in Boston and lived in Sharon. He told them to write their name on the parcel and send it to a friend or someone they thought would get the parcel to stoke broker. The parcels reached the stockbroker in five or six steps 'Six degrees of separation'.



Kochen. M 1989. The Small World, Ablex Publishing Corp, Norwood, New Jersey.


p35
Werner. C & Parmelee P 1979. 'Similarity of Activity Preferences Among friends: Those Who Play Together Stay Together' Social Psychology Quarterly,vol.42,no.1,pp.62-66.

Dyckman public housing project, study showing people tend to chose friends at a similar age and race , live in the same area.
p47
Tjaden. B. The Oracle of Bacon at Virginia, University of Virginia computer science department. www.cs.virgina.edu/oracle/.

Figured out the average Bacon number was fir the quarter million actors/actresses who had played in television films or major pictiors -2.8312 steps. Anyone who has ever acted was averaging at under 3 steps. But must take in to account actor who has played in many movies but is not well connected takes a lot more steps than actor in less movies but is very well connected. Making the point that knowing the right and vast amount of people makes a difference being known and successful.

p53
Granovetter. M 1995. Getting a Job, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Interviewed several hundred professionals workers in Boston about their employment history. The biggest percentage (56%) was people that gained a job through personnel connections. The strength of week ties. Getting jobs from our acquaintances not your friends. Learning more.

p6o
Inman. J.J & McAlisterr L & Hoyer W.D 1990.
'Promotion Signal:Proxy for a Price Cut?' Journal of Consumer Research,vol.17,pp.74-81.

The power of marketplaces in their manipulation of customers. If they decide they want a certain item of stalk sold, it is quite easy to do this by 'Sticking on a promotional sticker in front of it' saying something suggestive like Everyday Low Price. This easily grabs the shoppers attention and in a way manipulates them into buying the project even if they don't need it or weren't set out to buy that particular item. The customer convinces their self to buy it subconsciously by telling themselves that its a bargin, worth the money, and in some cases put their self under a little pressure by thinking they need to get it just now because it wont be on sale next week,next time their able to get out. As market very easily and often tend to use certain phrases like 'limited sale', 'hurry whilst stalk last.

61
Price.L & Feick L.F 1987. 'The market Marven: A Diffuser of Marketplace Information' Journal of Marketing,vol.51,pp.83-97.

Price Vigilantes, Market Marven's. These people look out for the stores that pull the sale stunt to often




Higie. R.A & Feick L.F & Price L.L 1987. 'Types and Amount of Word-of-Mouth Communication About Retailers' Journal of retailing,vol.63,no.3,pp.260-278.


Price. L.L & Feick F.L & Guskey A 1995. 'Everyday Market Helping Behavior' Journal of Public Policy and Marketing,vol.14,no.2,pp.225-266.
p74
Mullen. B 1986. 'Newscasters, facial expressions and voting behavior of viewers: Can a smile elect a President?' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,vol.51,pp.291-295.


Examination of 2and a half second long , 37tapes with no sound. Study facial expressions mannerisms. Mark them out of a score how happy or sad they where thought to be. Found 'significant and noticeable bias in facial expression'.

p77
Wells. G.L & Petty R.E 1980. 'The Effects of Overt Head Movements on Persuasion' Basic and Applied Social Psychology,vol.1,no.3,pp.219-230.

Three sets of groups of students Given a headset s and listened to music, one lot stayed still, other shook head side to side , the other kn oded head up and down continuously. After the music they were asked how much they thought was an appropriate droller amount for undergraduate tuition per year. Amount $587 to $750 . Students with head still answered $582 guessing appropriate. Students shook side to side, who thought testing headphone quality answered $467 a lot less. Students moving head up and down risen to $646 because of the simple act of moving their heads up and down.

p81
Condon. W.S 1982. 'Cultural 'Microrhythms' M. Davis, Interaction Rhythms: Periodicity in Communicative Behavior, Human Sciences Press, New York,pp.53-76.


Attention to decode a four-and-a-half-second segment of film. Where a woman says to a man and a child over dinner 'you all should come around every night'. Broken down the film . The woman moves with the man, movements synchronize. Conversation rhythmical patterns, in harmony with each other.
p84
Hatfield. E & Cacioppo J.T & Rapson R.L 1994. Emotional Contagion, Cambridge University Press.
Sal semen building up a level of trust to be more successful..
p85
Friedman. H 1980. 'Understanding and Assessing Nonverbal Expressiveness: The Affective Communication Test' Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,vol.39,no.2,pp.333-351.

Emotional contagiousness. 13 questions scored high low. Put into room finding the lower scorers having to pick up the moods of the higher scorers.


Friedman. H & Riggio R 1981. 'Effect of Individual Differences in Nonverbal Expressiveness on Transmission of Emotion' Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,vol.6,pp.96-104.