The first Journal chosen is " Between the lines: an evaluation of the Secured Car Park Award Scheme written byDavid G Smith Mick Gregson and James Morgan.The main purpose of this article is to encourage those responsible for car parks in order to improve security as a way of reducing criminal activity, reducing the fear of crime in itself and the perception of crime in all car parks and vehicle retention areas. The author questions the importance of Car Park award scheme (SCP) car parks and if they have lower levels of crime than other car parks and if the Secured Car Park award scheme lead to reductions in car crime.
The journal is very event based based on findings of an evaluation of the scheme by Morgan Harris Burrows and the Holden McAllister Partnership.This is when i believe truth in this journal as the amount of evident-base and research put into is substantial as they take on board numerous primary and secondary sources such as, holding interviews with people of importance - scheme representatives and stakeholders, 600 of which in Nottingham and 375 in Manchester, also collection of data on crime and disorder gained by requesting the information which where available for the car parks in these study areas the raised problem was the time the police then took to look out and let gain access to information, leading to possibility of date information being processed, additional interviews with local car park operators and police, other locals, organising and holding workshops and surveys with Architectural Liaison Officers.
"One of the major obstacles to the research was obtaining accurate crime information."
Showing extent to find the f truth in their article/non-opinion/guessed
The most important pieces of information are the 6 case studies taken in the car parks of Manchester, Nottingham, Cheltenham, Northampton, Canterbury and Daventry. These case studies provide a number of verifies factors including the environment and its surroundings, different towns, private/authority owned car parks. Surveys are taken in these different factors and engage with the public in getting their true opinions on touching subjects of crime in the car parks.
One of these surveys carried out was " What makes a car park safe from crime ". A table as provided showing the takings of the Percentage of responses. A huge 59% out of 70% thought that 'Regular patrols/high visibility of staff around car park' would prevent crime in the car park, 56% thought that 'CCTV (video)' camera coverage would aid in prevention of crime followed by 46% who thought that 'Good lighting' would aid to prevent crime. Only a tiny 5% of people surveyed that a 'well maintained, clean and tidy' car park would make it safer joined with 5% of people who surprisingly thought that having 'No young people hanging around car parks' would make care parks more safe and prevent crime.
Another important piece of important information was the table shown based on the figures from the survey Number of reported crime in Northampton city car parks 2001', this table showed in in creasing order a total of percentages per 1,000 spaces in car parks. Taking factors such as the size, and opening hours. It clearly shows the reported number of thefts in Nottingham car parks, investigating weather or not SCPs where in fact lowering crime rates in car parks.
The table backed up the SCP schemes as successful, it shows the lowest crime
The table backed up the SCP schemes as successful, it shows the lowest crime
levels in Nottingham city centre where under the SCP scheme, two of which had the award turned out to have absolutely no reported crime in the car park since its opening in (1997). Overall showing crime rates in car parks were generally more higher than those undergoing SCP award.
This leads the author to then conclude that SCPs in the study areas had the lowest levels of car park
This leads the author to then conclude that SCPs in the study areas had the lowest levels of car park
crime. The award schemes where generally improving standers of car parks and their security.
"CCTV cameras in Northampton have had the capability for ANPR (see, for example,
Parking Today, 2000) since April 2001. The local police believe that this has had a big
impact on general crime levels in the town"
The impact on (Scp)s procedures verifying its impact in car parks.
The implication is to support SCps in the future and keep expanding them across other big cities, and having greater empathise placed on more higher ratted crime parks. To further improve security, if leaving to do could therefore raise the rate of crime/thefts, and the increase in fear of the people using the car parks. The authors main view was focused on SCp , i think he has partly done this to inform others who may have not known about the award. As I for one had never known or thought of issues in Carparks being before. His view is looking forward on the way crime could b prevented or massively lowered.
The second chosen is 'Identification of Environmental Design Methods and Techniques for Preventing Vandalism Between the lines: an evaluation of the Secured Car Park Award Scheme' written by
Mohsen Faizi, Seyed-Bagher Hosseini and Sina Razzaghi.
The main purpose of this article is to introduce and distinguish the idea of Vandalism in the environment and investigate methods used in environmental and urban design, and to focus on the theory of environmental design which aims to discover the important aspects which would lead to forming and maintaining a safe stable space against vandalism. This paper states that the most important aspects for preventing vandalism in urban spaces are having high level of security, comfort and control. The author asks the questions can Crime such as vandalism be prevented through Enviromental design, and if designing defensible spaces improves levels on Crimes like Vandalism.
“Environmental Design is an organized and creative
way which its purpose is being effective and
responsive towards the dynamic changes in cities and
other urban areas. Architectures and urban designers,
through formulating different patterns and policies, try
to meet the social, economic, cultural, and
environmental needs of societies” Government of
South Australia, 2002.
way which its purpose is being effective and
responsive towards the dynamic changes in cities and
other urban areas. Architectures and urban designers,
through formulating different patterns and policies, try
to meet the social, economic, cultural, and
environmental needs of societies” Government of
South Australia, 2002.
The most important information in this article is the piece about the 'theory of preventing crime by using environmental design (CPTED)'. This was introduced firstly by Jeffrey in 1971 which was based on effective designs in the environment can promote security and decrease the
frequency of crime. He looks at four main principles in the aid to improving frequency of crime such as 'natural surveillance in space', 'controlling access to
space', 'limiting the space', and 'protection' and' management of space'. the author has used the sources from the research and facts provided by Jeffrey in 1971 and also by Newmans book on 'defensible spaces and preventing crime by urban deign'.
frequency of crime. He looks at four main principles in the aid to improving frequency of crime such as 'natural surveillance in space', 'controlling access to
space', 'limiting the space', and 'protection' and' management of space'. the author has used the sources from the research and facts provided by Jeffrey in 1971 and also by Newmans book on 'defensible spaces and preventing crime by urban deign'.
The article concludes that qualities such as security, comfort, richness, and surveillance are key environmental features. And that promoting these high qualities leads to spaces which are more unlikely being vandalised this is also the overall assumption of the authors . Looking into designs philosophy using evidence to reduce vandalism by limiting opportunity's for crimes. The implication is to support (CPTED) taking more consideration into the environment being a means to reduce crime rates as shown in his evidence doing so will lead to increase in quality and reduction of vandalism, if failing to continue or stop following methods of (CPTED) then increase the risk of environment spaces becoming more inviting to vandalism and crimes. It should be carried out to limit spaces prone to vandalism such as eliminating dark places at night, places which are empty of people,Open and deserted spaces, and spaces which attract a special class of people and provide light, creating the sense of ownership of the space by proper protection and management, creating mixed uses in the space and avoid the creation of closed-off places and dead ends.
The main view and aim of he article is to further conduct research and investigate all factors and criteria for the evaluating the environment in decrease in vandalism in public spaces and prevention of crime. I feel this is good aim as unlike the first article there isn't a lot of secondary research where surveys and interviews etc have been taking place article is more factual based on the information gained and researched of other peoples findings of facts and figures dealing with crime prevention in the environment. The article is to 'further' the conduction of research in this field.
